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Overview

Mexico is situated south of the USA bordering on the states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. To the south lie the Central American countries of Guatemala and Belize. The Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea are off the east of the country with the Pacific Ocean on the west. The long narrow peninsula of Baja California extends into the Pacific.

Before the Spanish arrived in Mexico in 1519 there were about ten million Indian inhabitants with a civilization over three thousand years old. The three hundred years of Spanish rule has left its mark on the population: sixty percent of Mexicans are of mixed Spanish and Indian descent. Thirty percent of the people are Native American Indians whilst the remainders are mainly European including some Spanish migrants who have recently settled in Mexico.

The estimated population in 2003 was 105 million.

Mexico's official language is Spanish although native Indian languages are spoken. There are a number of distinct Indian languages and many dialects.